Mean Segment Weights
Percentages of Total Body Weight
|
Segment |
Males |
Females |
Average |
|
Head |
8.26 |
8.2 |
8.23 |
|
Whole Trunk |
55.1 |
53.2 |
54.15 |
|
Thorax |
20.1 |
17.02 |
18.56 |
|
Abdomen |
13.06 |
12.24 |
12.65 |
|
Pelvis |
13.66 |
15.96 |
14.81 |
|
Total Arm |
5.7 |
4.97 |
5.335 |
|
Upper Arm |
3.25 |
2.9 |
3.075 |
|
Forearm |
1.87 |
1.57 |
1.72 |
|
Hand |
0.65 |
0.5 |
0.575 |
|
Forearm & Hand |
2.52 |
2.07 |
2.295 |
|
Total Leg |
16.68 |
18.43 |
17.555 |
|
Thigh |
10.5 |
11.75 |
11.125 |
|
Leg |
4.75 |
5.35 |
5.05 |
|
Foot |
1.43 |
1.33 |
1.38 |
|
Leg & Foot |
6.18 |
6.68 |
6.43 |
Plagenhoef et al., 1983 |
Percentages of Total Body Weight
|
Segment |
Males |
Females |
Average |
|
Head & Neck |
6.94 |
6.68 |
6.81 |
|
Trunk |
43.46 |
42.58 |
43.02 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Upper Arm |
2.71 |
2.55 |
2.63 |
|
Forearm |
1.62 |
1.38 |
1.5 |
|
Hand |
0.61 |
0.56 |
0.585 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Thigh |
14.16 |
14.78 |
14.47 |
|
Shank |
4.33 |
4.81 |
4.57 |
|
Foot |
1.37 |
1.29 |
1.33 |
de Leva, 1996 |
Segment Weight Data Set Comparison
Here you can two sets of data from two independent sources
showing the average weights for each body segment. These variations
tell us that the numbers can be easily rounded as long as they
are within the limits of all data sets for that particular segment.
Both data sets have both male and female percentages. We have
averaged out each set of data so one set of data represent averages
for both men and women.
Plagenhoef's Segment Weight data
|
Segment |
Quantity |
Percent |
Extension |
|
Head |
1 |
8.23 |
8.23 |
|
Whole Trunk |
1 |
54.15 |
54.15 |
|
Total Arm |
2 |
5.33 |
10.66 |
|
Total Leg |
2 |
17.55 |
35.10 |
|
Total Percent: |
|
|
108.14 |
|
de Leva's Segment Weight data
|
Segment |
Quantity |
Percent |
Extension |
|
Head |
1 |
6.810 |
6.81 |
|
Whole Trunk |
1 |
43.020 |
43.02 |
|
Total Arm |
2 |
4.715 |
9.43 |
|
Total Leg |
2 |
20.370 |
40.74 |
|
Total Percent: |
|
|
100 |
|
Leva's List of Percentage of Body weight is 100% total, where
as Plagenhoef's data add past 108%! We are guessing perhaps certain
segments share mass with adjoining segments. Also Leva's data
was derived from young athletic subjects from young athletic
Russian subjects instead of cadavers of older subjects. For these
reasons we favor Leva's data. However, there may be cases, where
we may need to borrow figures from Plagenhoef's data if it can
not be ascertained from Leva's data. For example Leva's data
does not break down whole trunck so we have to use Plagenhoef's
to calculate the bodyweight used during exercises like weighted
crunch and weighted
leg hip raise.
Segmental Center of Gravity Locations
% Segment Length (from proximal ends)
|
Segment |
Males |
Females |
Average |
|
Head and Neck |
55 |
55 |
55 |
|
Trunk |
63 |
56.9 |
59.95 |
|
Thorax |
56.7 |
56.3 |
56.5 |
|
Abdomen |
46 |
46 |
46 |
|
Pelvis |
5 |
5 |
5 |
|
Upper Arm |
43.6 |
45.8 |
44.7 |
|
Forearm |
43 |
43.4 |
43.2 |
|
Hand |
46.8 |
46.8 |
46.8 |
|
Thigh |
43.3 |
42.8 |
43.05 |
|
Leg |
43.4 |
41.9 |
42.65 |
|
Foot |
50 |
50 |
50 |
|
Abdomen & Pelvis |
44.5 |
39 |
41.75 |
Plagenhoef et al., 1983 |
% Segment Length (from proximal ends)
|
Segment |
Males |
Females |
Average |
|
Head & Neck |
50.02 |
48.41 |
49.22 |
|
Trunk |
43.10 |
37.82 |
40.46 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Upper Arm |
57.72 |
57.54 |
57.63 |
|
Forearm |
45.74 |
45.59 |
45.67 |
|
Hand |
79.00 |
74.74 |
76.87 |
|
Thigh |
40.95 |
36.12 |
38.54 |
|
Shank |
43.95 |
43.52 |
43.74 |
|
Foot |
44.15 |
40.14 |
42.15 |
de Leva, 1996 |
Mean Segment Lengths
Percentages of Total Body Height
|
Segment |
Males |
Females |
Average |
|
Head and Neck |
10.75 |
10.75 |
10.75 |
|
Whole Trunk |
30 |
29 |
29.5 |
|
Thorax |
12.7 |
12.7 |
12.7 |
|
Abdomen |
8.1 |
8.1 |
8.1 |
|
Pelvis |
9.3 |
9.3 |
9.3 |
|
Upper Arm |
17.2 |
17.3 |
17.25 |
|
Forearm |
15.7 |
16 |
15.85 |
|
Hand |
5.75 |
5.75 |
5.75 |
|
Thigh |
23.2 |
24.9 |
24.05 |
|
Leg |
24.7 |
25.7 |
25.2 |
|
Foot |
4.25 |
4.25 |
4.25 |
|
Biacromial |
24.5 |
20 |
22.25 |
|
Bi-iliac |
11.3 |
12 |
11.65 |
Plagenhoef et al., 1983 |
Segment Points:
|
Segment |
Proximal |
Distal |
|
Head & Neck |
Vertex |
Mid-shoulder (C7) |
|
Trunk |
Mid-shoulder (C7) |
Hip |
|
Upper Arm |
Shoulder |
Elbow |
|
Forearm |
Elbow |
Wrist |
|
Hand |
Wrist |
Finger Tip |
|
Thigh |
Hip |
Knee |
|
Shank |
Knee |
Ankle |
|
Foot |
Heel |
Toe |
de Leva, 1996 |
References
Paolo de Leva (1996) Adjustments to Zatsiorsky-Seluyanov's
Segment Inertia Parameters . Journal of Biomechanics 29 (9),
pp. 1223-1230.
|
Means |
|
Subjects |
Weight (kg) |
Age (yrs) |
Height (cm) |
|
100 Men |
73 |
23.8 |
173.1 |
|
100 Women |
61.99 |
19.0 |
173.5 |
Plagenhoef, S., Evans, F.G. and Abdelnour, T. (1983) Anatomical
data for analyzing human motion. Research Quarterly for Exercise
and Sport 54, 169-178.
|
|